Method of weaving seamless bags



(No Model.) a 4 Sheets-Sheefll. A. D; EMERY.

METHOD OF WBAVING SEAMLBSS BAGS.

No. 415,156. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. A. 1). BMERY.

; METHOD OF WBAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

No. 415,156. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

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m. 71% 'i'i' N. PETERS. Pholvl-Mopphah Wnnininn. o. c.

(No Model. 4 Sheets-Sheet s. A. D. EMERY. METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

No. 415,156. Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

Pholu-Lhhogrnphar, Wnhilwton, n. c.

(No Model.) 4'Sheets-Shet 4.

A. D. EMERY.

METHOD OF WEAV-ING SEAMLES$ BAGs.

No. 415,156. I Patented Nov. 12, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.ABRAM D. EMERY, OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

METHOD OF WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,156, dated November 12, 1889.

Application filed July 22,1889. Serial No. 318,250 (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ABRAM D. EMERY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Taunton,in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Method of Weaving Seamless Bags, of which the following is a full description.

My invention relates to a new method of weaving seamless bags, such as are described and claimed in my application filed May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,829. The bag therein described is composed of chain-threads running lengthwise of the bag and two weftthreads running across and around the bag in opposite directions, crossing each other at the two edges. The bottom of the bag is formed by interlacing the chain-th reads of the two sides of the bag around the two weft-threads, making at that point a single fabric of doubleweight goods. The method of making these bags, which forms the subject of this application, results from amodification of my general system of weaving, which is the subject of application filed by me February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,630.

In my present invention I employ two shuttles, as before, making simultaneous passages through two paths or openings in a single set of chain-threads, and weaving two separate parts of fabric or one fabric of double-weight goods, as the case may be; but to produce the special result of a bag inclosed on all sides the shuttles are caused to make continuous passages around and through the fabric.

In the invention of the application last referred to, designed to weave fabrics of the ordinary form with two selvage edges and twice the width of the loom, the shuttles made simultaneous passages to and from the selvage edges in the same part of the fabric, and on approaching the center of the fabric lo cated on the other side of the loom were re versed in position, transferring the weftthreads in the succeeding shedding to opposite positions in the fabric. In forming the body of the bag in the present case the chainthreads are shed as before in two paths, side by sidethe same chain-threads forming the same paths at each shedding. The shuttles, starting simultaneously from the same side of the loom, make passages each through a separate side of the bag. Arriving at the opposite sides of the loom, the shedding operation is repeated, forming a plain cross. The shuttles are reversed in position, the shuttles now being presented to the opposite openings to those just traversed, thereby passing the weft-threads by each other and causing each weft-thread to traverse at the next flight of the shuttle the half of the fabric first traversed by the other, thereby forming a con tinuous closed fabric at that edge. The shuttles pass to the other side of the loom and the shedding repeated, and the shuttles are again reversed, forming a continuous closed fabric at that side also. A continuation of this process will of course result in an endless closed tube, in which half of each pick is formed of one of the weft-threads on opposite sides of the bag, the weft-threads crossing over and under each other in their passage from one pick into a succeeding pick, which occurs at the two edges of the bag and between the two outside chain-threads, where the shuttles are reversed and the new pick begins. The passages and reversing of the shuttles and weft-threads remaining as be fore, the bottom of the bag is formed by manipulating the chainthreads in shedding so as to interlace the same around the weft threads. This is accomplished by passing the chainthreads of one half to the outside of the other half in regular order in such manner as to form a single fabric of double-weight goods. This manipulation is continued for a distance sufficient to form the bottom of two bags, when the manipulation to form the body of the bag is continued for the distance suflicient to form two bags. The separate bags are obtained by cutting through the center of the interlacings and through the two sides at the desired distance between the interlaced portions. In the bags thus formed the two sides are plain one-ply fabrics woven simultaneously in the loom. The edges are closed by the passage of the weft-threads from one side to the other, the two weft-threads forming a cross where they pass each other at each edge between the two extreme edge threads. The mouth of the bag is formed by the cut edges of the chainthreads and the bottom by the single fabric produced by interlacing the chain-threads around the weft-threads.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figures 1, 2, 3, and

4, Sheet 1, represent diagrammatically the component parts of a loom, showing the four sheddings requisite for forming the open part of the bag, or that in which the two sides are woven separately and are united at the two edges to form a tube. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, Sheet 2, in like manner represent the four sheddings requisite for binding the two sides together into one fabric to close the bottom of the bag. Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12, Sheet 3, are enlarged sections of the four sheddings, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4 of Sheet 1. Figs. 13, 14, 15, and 16 of Sheet 3 are enlarged sections of the four sheddings, as shown in Figs. 5 to 8 of Sheet 2, and show the several positions assumed by the threads in forming the interlacing of the chain-threads around the weftthreads to close the bottom of the bag. Fig. 17, Sheet 4, is a draft of the several sheddings. Fig. 18, Sheet 4, is a side view of the bag broken away in the center and with the threads separated and enlarged to show the positions taken by the weft and chain threads in the several parts of the fabric.

For the purposes of description one of the weft-threads is shown as shaded in color and the other as plain in all the views.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 8, Sheets 1 and 2, the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate the four chain-threads or four series of chain-threads, threads 1 and 3 being the threads used to form the right-hand side and 2 and 4 the threads used to form the left-hand side of the bag. The chain-threads 3 and 4 pass over and under the ends of equalizing-lever 25, and threads '1 and 2 pass over and under equalizing-lever 26, as more fully explained in an application filed by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,828. All the threads 1, 2, 3, and 4 pass between the bending-rollers 23 and 24, as also fully explained by me in application just referred to.

The numeral 5 indicates the shaded weft thread, which is shown as attached to the shuttle 7. v

Numeral 6 indicates the plain weft-thread shown as attached to shuttle 8.

9 is the reed through which the chainthreads pass, and 10 indicates the fabric in process of foi-mation- The chain-thread 1 passes through an eye in heddle-cord 11, thread 2 passes through an eye in heddle-cord12, thread 3 passes through an eye in heddle-cord 13, and thread 4 through an eye in heddle-cord 14. The heddle-cords 11 and 12 are'connected together, and at one end pass over and around the large roller 19, which has an oscillating motion, such as to place the heddle-eyes in either of the positions desired. The opposite ends of the heddle-cords pass around the smaller roller 21. The bending-roller 22 keeps the heddle-cord 11 in alignment with the top of roller 19, and bending-roller 2O likewise aligns heddle-cord 12 with the bottom of roller 21. The heddles 13 and 14 in like manner at one end pass around the large oscillating roller 15 and the opposite end around the roller 17. The bending-rollers 18 and 16 align the heddle 14. The numeral 27 indicates the chain-roller.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, Sheet 1, it will be seen that heddle 13 is at the extremity of its motion toward the side R, carrying chain-thread 3 to its extreme position on that side, while the heddle 14, which is a continuation of heddle 13, as explained, is at the extremity of its motion toward the side L, carryingchain-thread 4 to its extreme position on that side. The heddles 11 and 12 are in the center of their motion, or the middle position, and carry the chain-threads 1 and 2 to the inside of the two separate sheddings. This shedding forms two paths or sheds in the chain-threads, side by side, and constitutes what may be termed the first double shedding. The shuttles are represented as being in the rear boxes, with their attached threads extending to the fabric 10. From this position the shuttles are driven through the paths or sheds just described, and. their attached threads are laid in place, as shown in enlarged View, Fig. 9, Sheet 3, where the shaded thread 5 is seen on the side L between the chain-threads 2 and 4, and thread 6 is seen between the chain-threads 3 and 1 on the side marked B. These threads are now beaten up and form the first pick of weftthat is, the first complete length of weft-thread across the fabricand made up of the two weft-threads, each carried halfway across. There is no pick in the ordinary sense of the term. The rollers 15 and 19 are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1, Sheet 1, and bring the heddles into the positions as shown in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, with the chain-thread 1, governed by heddle 11, extended on the side R, and chainthread 2, governed by heddle 12, extended on the side L, the threads 3 and 4, governed by I the heddles 13 and 14, being in the center. This forms a plain cross over the pickj ust laid. The shuttles are turned in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 to the position as shown in Fig. 2, and in the manner more fully explained in .an application filed by me February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,639, and the shuttles are then driven through this second set of paths or sheds just described to the rear of the loom, laying their attached threads in place, as shown in enlarged views, Fig. 10, Sheet 3, wherein will be seen shaded thread 5 on the side R. between the threads 1 and 3 and thread 6 on the sideL between the threads 2 and 4. The threads are now beaten up and form the second pick in the sense already explained. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, to the position shown in Fig. 3, Sheet 1', which is the sameposition as shown in Fig. 1, with the chain threads 3 and 4 extended on the sides R and L, and chain-threads.l and 2 in the center, making a plain cross, as before. The shuttles are now reversed in p0 IIO sition in the rear boxes in the same manner as they were before reversed in the front boxes, and in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2, and assume the position as shown in Fig. 3. From this position the shuttles are driven through the new paths or sheds, as shown in Fig. 3, to the front, forming the third pick, and the threads are shown in enlarged cross-section, Fig. 11, Sheet 3, which is like Fig. 9 in every respect. The heddles are now passed into the position as shown in Fig. 4, Sheet 1, by moving the rollers 15 and 19in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. The threads 1 are extended on the side R, and threads 2 on the side L, with threads 3 and 4 in the center, forming the fourth double shedding, which is like the second. (Shown in Fig. 2,Sheet- 1.) The shutties are reversed in position in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3 to that shown in Fig. 4, and are passed through the paths or sheds from front to rear, forming the fourth pick. The third pick is a duplicate of the first pick and the fourth a duplicate of the second in all particulars. In the part of the method now being described it will be observed that two shuttles make simultaneous passages back and forth across the loom in the same direction, being reversed in position on both sides of the loom. This motion of reversing the shuttles passes the weft-th reads by each other at those points, and as the weft-threads also pass at those points from one double shedding into a succeeding double shedding they cross each other over and under at the two opposite edges of the bag between the two outside chain-threads in the manner explained in connection with the method of reversing at one side of the loom in application filed by me February 28, 1888, Serial No. 265,639. In this latter application the weft-threads made two successive passages in each half of the fabric, due to the reversing on one side only of the loom. According to my present method, the weftthreads make alternate passages in opposite sides of the fabric. Furthermore, the weft-threads in their passages from rear to front always pass 011 the same sides. Thus it will be seen upon examining Figs. 1 and 3, Sheet 1, that the thread 5 is on the side L and thread 6 is 011 the side B. These are the sheddings as shown enlarged in Figs. 9 and 11, Sheet 3, and are those through which the threads pass from the rear to front, while Figs. 2 and 4, Sheet 1, show the shaded thread 5 on the side R and thread 6 on the side L, which are the sheddings as shown in e11- larged views, Figs. 10 and 12, Sheet 3, and are those through which the weft-threads pass from front to rear. The chain-threads 3 are always over weft-th read 6 on side R, and chainthreads 4 are in like manner over or outside weft-thread 5 on side L, and chain-threads 1 are over weft-thread 5 on side R, and chainthreads 2 are over or outside weft-thread 6 on side L. This holds good for all the sheddings by which the tube or body of the bag is formed, and is due to the fact that the weftthreads are transferred both at the rear and front at each and everyv passage. This sequence of four sheddings, as described, is repeated the requisite number of times necessary to form sides of double the length of the bag, when the sides are united together by interlacing the chain-threads around the two weft-threads in the following manner: The two shuttles make simultaneous passages, as before, across the loom, and are reversed in position at each side of the loom. The shedding of the chain-threads, however, is now modified so that there is produced a single fabric, with the weft-threads making simultaneous passages through. In place of making each of the two paths through the same chainthreads at every shedding, as before, thereby forming two separate fabrics side by side, the chain-threads are passed from one side of the fabric to the other in regular order. Thus in the sequence of shedding illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 the chain-threads 4and 2 on the left and 3 and 1 on the right pass through two changes only, viz: 4 2 1 3, Fig.1, 2 4 3 1, Fig. 2,4 2 1 3, Fig. 1, and 2 4 3 1, Fig. 4. The first shedding of the interlacing, as shown in Fig. 5, is like that shown in Figs. 1 and 3; but in the next three sheddings, however, the threads are passed back and forth from the two sides of the fabric. The first shedding of hinder or interlacing, as it may be termed, is shown in Fig. 5, Sheet 2, wherein the chain-threads 3 are extended on the side R and 4 on the side L, with the threads 1 and 2 in the center, forming a double shedding, as before, produced by moving the rollers 15 and 19 in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, Sheet 1. The shuttles are reversed in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, Sheet 1, to that shown in Fig. 5, Sheet 2, and are driven from the rear to the front through the paths or openings formed as described, and the weftthreads are shown in position in Fig. 13, Sheet 3, with weft-thread 6 on the side R between the chain-threads 1 and 3 and the weft-thread 5 on the side L between the chain-threads 2 and 4. These being beaten up form the first of the series of four picks of binder or interlacing to close the bottom of the bag. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5 to the position as shown in Fig. 6, Sheet 2, wherein the chain-thread 2 always before on the side L is now on the side R, and 1 always before on the side R is now on the side L, with threads 3 and 4 in the center. Thus it will be seen that thread 2 is carried from the side L to the outside of side R, and that thread 1 is likewise carried from the side R to the outside of the side L. The shuttles are moved in the direct-ion indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5 to the position as shown in Fig. 6, and are then driven from the front to the rear. Their attached threads are shown in position in enlarged cross-section, Fig. 14, Sheet 3, where thread 5 is between threads 2 and 3 on the side R, and

thread 6 between the threads 1 and 4 on'the side L, which being beaten up form the second pick of binder. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows on rollers 15 and 19, Fig. 6, Sheet 2, to the position shown in Fig. 7, where the chainthread 4 always before on the side L is now on the side R, and chain-thread 3 always before on side R is on the side L, with threads 1 and 2 in the center. The shuttles are moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6 to the position as shown in Fig. 7, and are driven from the rear to the front through the openings formed as described. The weftthreads are shown in position in enlarged cross-section, Fig. 15, wherein thread 6 is between threads 2 and 4 on side R, and thread 5 is between 3 and 1 on side L, and these being beaten up form the third pick of binder. The heddles are now moved in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 7, Sheet 2, to the position as shown in Fig. 8, where thread 1 is extended on the side R and thread 2 on the side L, with threads 3 and 4 in the center, forming the fourth double shedding. The shuttles are turned in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 7 to the position shown in Fig. 8, and are then driven through from front to rear. The weft-threads are shown in position in enlarged cross-section, Fig. 16, Sheet 3, where thread 5 will be seen between the chain-threads 1 and 4 on the side R and thread 6 between threads 2 audio on the side L. These being beaten up form the fourth pick of binder. These four sheddings are worked over the requisite number of times to form the interlacing requisite for the closing of the bottom of two bags when the sheddings, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, Sheet 1, are worked over the requisite number of times to form the body of two bags, and so on, re-

peating the operation as long as desired, making an endless fabric. Upon cutting across the chain-threads at the center of each of the interlacings or bindings a fabric is obtained which may be regarded as two bags united end to end, or as a double fabric closed on all sides. Upon cutting across the chain-threads that run lengthwise of the fabric, midway between the two interlacings, two bags are produced closed on the three sides and open on the fourth side, such as are described in an application filed by me May 31, 1889, Serial No. 312,829.

In Fig. 17 is seen a draft of the chainthreads in the conventional style as they appear from the side R of the several views, and in which the squares having a cross designate the risersthat is, the threads extended on the side Rand those with dots the sinkers, or those extended on the opposite side, and the blank spaces those threads that are in the center. The numerals at the top represent the threads 1, 2, 3, and 4 as they extend across the loom. From the top at the point V to the point X are indicated the sheddings of the part used to weave the tube or the body of the bags. X to Y shows the sheddings used to bind the two halves together.

In Fig. 18 is shown the finished fabric, which may be of any length and width desired.

I make no claim in this application to the method of weaving double-weight fabric which is involved in the interweaving of the two sides of a bag to form the closed ends of the same. This method is merely incidental to the method of weaving bags'which is the subject of the present application, and forms the subject of another application filed by me October 7, 1889, No. 326,247, method of weaving double-weight goods, (Case 25.)

In this case I do not claim the method broadly of causing two shuttles to make simultaneous passages through a double shedding, nor the reversal of such shuttles considered by itself, nor the crossing of the weftthreads, nor the manipulation of the chainthreads, as these matters form the subjectof other applications filed by me, particularly Serial No. 265,639, filed February 28, 1888; but

' What I do claim is The part from point A method of weaving-seamless bags, which consist in simultaneously forming a path or opening 'n each of the two halves of a single set of chain-threads, then simultaneously introducing aweft-thread into each of these openings and from the same side of the loom, repeating the shedding and againintroducing the veft-threads from the other side of the loom and carrying each weft-thread through the half just traversed by the other, repeating the shedding and again introducing the weft-threads and carrying each of the latter through the half just traversed by the other, continuing until there is formed an endless tube twice the length of the body of a single bag, then shedding the chain-threads so as to interlace the same around the weftthreads by passing chain-threads from one half of the set to the other half, then introducing a weft-thread into each of the openings or paths thus formed and into opposite halves from those just traversed by them, respectively, repeating the shedding and again introducing the weft-threads and carr ing .each of the latter through the half just traversed by the other, continuing until there is formed an interlaced portion of double the width of the closed bottom of a single bag, and again repeating the operation of weaving an endless tube, thus forming an endless chain of bags.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 21st day of June, A. D. 1889. ABRAM D. EMERY. \Vitnesses:

WM. T. DONNELLY, WALTER T. EMERY. 

